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In this video we shall be discussing Topic 10 WPT(Western Political Thought) of Political Science & International Relations( UPSC PSIR) Optional. Paper 1 Section 1
Todays Topic:
BASICS Political Science:
Features of Ancient Greece:
SOCRATES
“Socrates is wisest man on earth”-Plato
Theory of Knowledge(TOK)
Socrates: Not enough to know what constitutes Life = but we should know what is “good life”, “Purpose of life”
“Knowledge is Virtue”
“Unexamined life is not worth living”-Socrates(Ans on Page#19,PSIR#1)
“Knowledge is Virtue”:- Socrates
PLATO
“Unless Philosophers are the rulers or rulers learn ‘philosophy’, there is no end to predicament of human life” -Plato
Views on Democracy:
Theory of Ideas
“Reality is the shadow of ideas”
Theory of souls
Theory of Justice
Plato’s own Idea of Justice
“State is Individual writ large”
“State does not come out of oak or rock, but it inheres in the mind of people”-Plato
“REPUBLIC is best treatise in field of education”- Rousseau
Theory of Education
“Those states are best governed where the rulers are reluctant to govern”
Q- Theory of education is a logical result of Theory of Justice
Theory of Communism of Property & Family
Prof Maxi : Plato communism vs Marx communism
Theory of Philosopher King
“no law , ordnance mightier than knowledge”
foolish to bind expert on medicine with book medicine
*[lord Bryce – fact fact fact – behavioralism]
Lord Acton: “power corrupt, absolute power corrupts absolutely”
Karl popper: “enemy of open society, 1st fascist”
Q “For No Law or Ordinance can be mightier than the knowledge”
Evaluation of Plato
Q- All that is Platonic is Socratic. Comment.
Plato as a Communist
Plato as a Feminist
Plato as a Fascist
Popper: “Plato’s political program far from being morally superior to fascism is actually identical to it”
Karl Popper – “Open Society and its enemies”
Isaiah Berlin: Anti pluralism, No freedom of choice
Win spear: Plato is authoritarian reactionary, Blueprint of authoritarianism
Cross man: neither good for his time nor for our time = speaks noble lies, suppresses dialectics
Why Plato-fascist?
Genuine desire to give a life of excellence and harmony.
Levinson – “In defence of Plato”
after Popper’s work no one will see Plato in the same way it used to be
Gilbert Ryle :-
Why NOT a Fascist
Emerson Plato is philosophy and philosophy is Plato
Whitehead entire western philosophy is nothing but footnotes to Plato’s philosophy
Plato position in history
Popper: Criticises Plato for his hatred towards democracy, holism and Essentialism, Historicism
The Laws
ARISTOTLE
“Ruler – worldly wise than wise in the world of ideas”
1.Theory of State
Socrates, Plato & Aristotle = State is natural & State is prior to man
Socrates, Plato & Aristotle = State is natural & State is prior to man
Aristotle-“State comes into existence for the sake of life and continues for the sake of good life”
Aristotle – “One who can live without a state is either a beast or god but cannot be a man”
Q “Man is by nature a Political Animal”
Q “The Authority of statesman differs from the authority of Master”- Aristotle
2.Theory of Citizenship
Immanuel Kant – “Each man is an end in himself. He should not be treated as means to an end”
modern: Slavery has been abolished to a large extent, Human rights movements, UNHRC
3.Theory of Slavery
4.Theory of Property
“It is a difficult business for the people to live together, more difficult when property is involved”
5.Theory of Justice
“It is unjust to treat equals unequally. It is equally unjust to treat unequals equally”
6.Theory of Constitution
Q “Polity is the best practicable form of government”
Q “Law is a reason without passion”-Aristotle
8.Theory of Revolutions
9.Aristotle as “Father of Pol science”
Ronald Levinson
source